3, Votre adresse e-mail ne sera pas publie. The fur trade started off as a supplement to the fishing industry. A lynx pelt fetched about $150, a river otter about $80, beaver about $30, and mink about $15. Nous voulions faire un espace pour tout le monde : des gens qui aimaient manger plus quils naimaient cuisiner. Prices of the individual types of pelts are not available for the years, 1727 to 1735. Their fur is naturally oily and waterproof. The resulting beaver pelt is dark brown and can repel and resist water . Expect the usual $10 to $15 for a good, big, heavy pelt. Although the art of felting disappeared from much of western Europe during the first millennium, felt-making survived in Russia, Sweden, and Asia Minor. The highest quality hats would be made fully from beaver wool, whereas lower quality hats included inferior wool, such as rabbit. The view is that Natives had a fixed demand for European goods that, at higher fur prices, could be met with fewer furs, and hence less effort. By the eighteenth century, the demand for furs in Europe was being met mainly by exports from North America with intermediaries playing an essential role. The most important of these arrangements led to the formation of the Northwest Company, which for the first two decades of the nineteenth century, competed with the Hudsons Bay Company (Carlos and Hoffman, 1986). Trying to acquire one can be difficult and can cost up to $10,000. The benefits of consuming beaver are much greater than the risks of contaminant exposure. In 1700 a modest 69,500 beaver hats were exported from England and almost the same number of felt hats; but by 1760, slightly over 500,000 beaver hats and 370,000 felt halts were shipped from English ports (Lawson, 1943, app. Thus the closer is a system to open access the more likely it is that the resource will be depleted. Raccoon - Like beaver, they take more effort to prepare than other pelts. Carlos, Ann M., and Frank D. Lewis. The first break in the pattern came in the early 1740s shortly after the French established several trading posts in the area. Such furs as fox, marten, mink, and otter also were traded. Votre adresse e-mail ne sera pas publie. Why the beaver were over-harvested was closely related to the prices Natives were receiving, but important as well was the nature of Native property rights to the resource. Then there were the luxury goods, which have been divided into two broad categories: tobacco and alcohol, and other luxuries, dominated by cloth of various kinds (Carlos and Lewis, 2001; 2002). The color range is wide. The most desirable hats throughout much of the world were made from beaver felt, and their popularity meant an insatiable demand for beaver pelts. But opting out of some of these cookies may affect your browsing experience. Pelt prices for beaver should be about what they have been in the last few years: $10 to $15 for a good prime blanket. You also have the option to opt-out of these cookies. A few shearable beaver will be purchased, but for the most part, beaver pelts are serving a lower end market and take a lot of time and effort to process. Beaver fur is a soft luxurious coat that keeps the animal comfortable in all temperatures, on land or underwater. Other uncategorized cookies are those that are being analyzed and have not been classified into a category as yet. What is causing the plague in Thebes and how can it be fixed? What kind of experience do you need to be a marine biologist? This demand encouraged further exploration of North America. Simply so, How much are Bobcat Hides worth? We do, however, have Gregory Kings contemporary work for England which provides a good starting point. Raccoon - Like beaver, they take more effort to prepare than other pelts. Felt dates back to the nomads of Central Asia, who are said to have invented the process of felting and made their tents from this light but durable material. McManus, John. However, you may visit "Cookie Settings" to provide a controlled consent. And the $7.50 that HBC might have received in London works out to about $176 in todays money.. Figure 3 illustrates the rise in the price of furs at York Factory and Fort Albany in response to higher beaver prices in London and Paris, as well as to a greater French presence in the region (Carlos and Lewis, 1999). Beaver castor this was a bright spot, as the demand for castor, which is heavily used outside of the fur industry, continues to be high. Fur Vests & Accessories. What is a coon hide worth? silk, would come to save its fur. Coat beaver were skins that had been worn by the Indians for a year or more. An increase in price paid to Native hunters did not have to lead to a decline in the animal stocks, because Indians could have chosen to limit their harvesting. There was a brief recovery in the early 1760s but by the end decade trade had fallen below even the mid-1750s levels. Central to answering this question is how Native groups responded to the price of furs, which began rising in the 1730s. How much did a beaver pelt cost in the 1800s? We use cookies on our website to give you the most relevant experience by remembering your preferences and repeat visits. Prices then continued to increase. 1MB = 1 brass kettle This was barter trade in that no currency was used; and although the official prices implied certain rates of exchange between furs and goods, Hudsons Bay Company factors were encouraged to trade at rates more favorable to the Company. The Demand for Beaver Hats The main cause of the rising beaver pelt prices in England and France was the increasing demand for beaver hats, which included hats made exclusively with beaver wool and referred to as beaver hats, and those hats containing a combination of beaver and a lower cost wool, such as rabbit. The exchange was a voluntary. 3 How did the demand for beaver pelts lead to the fur trade? There was an insatiable demand for beaver pelts. Furs have long been classified as either fancy or staple. Fashion took a turn in Europe in the middle of the 16th century, and felted beaver hats became the rage. But opting out of some of these cookies may affect your browsing experience. The fur trade, which centered on the beaver in the first few centuries, became the mechanism by which Europeans advanced into and settled northern parts of the continent. Beaver pelts were valuable because they were easy to trade and could be used as currency. Why was beaver the most valuable fur in the fur trade? The fur trade was so important because it allowed for the development of the North American continent. Beaver pelts were valuable because they were easy to trade and could be used as currency. It was also a major source of income for many other countries. We also use third-party cookies that help us analyze and understand how you use this website. Carlos, Ann M., and Frank D. Lewis. Fur Pelts . Beaver about a quarter of the offering sold, averaging $14. These cookies track visitors across websites and collect information to provide customized ads. As Crean (1962, p. 382) notes, Nollets LArt de faire des chapeaux included the exact formula, but it was not published until 1765. This effectively ended the Beaver Wars over the fur trade. So $176 times some percentage of 5 million in England alone! The Restoration of Charles II of England in 1660 and the Glorious Revolution in 1689 brought their own changes in style (Clarke, 1982, chapter 1). These cookies track visitors across websites and collect information to provide customized ads. . The Indians, in turn, gave pelts to the French. The pelts should be folded over, fur side to fur side, and put into individual plastic bags. Which caused me to wonder just how much beaver pelts were worth? There, buoyant demand for felt hats and dwindling local fur supplies resulted in much higher prices for beaver pelts. For an all weather hat you can't beat a pure beaver cowboy hat. How much did a beaver pelt cost in the 1800s? How much did a beaver pelt cost in the 1800s? Many beavers build their dams to create a water source for their families and their homes. The use of iron traps did not become wide spread until the early 1800s. An alternate source of supply was found in what is now North America. For example, a marten (a type of mink) was a made beaver, a blanket was 7 made beaver, a gallon of brandy, 4 made beaver, and a yard of cloth, 3? These cookies help provide information on metrics the number of visitors, bounce rate, traffic source, etc. It is also one of the healthiest foods available. To cure a beaver pelt, Indians attached it to a round willow hoop, which sat in the sun, drying. Only the wool can be felted. Indeed, the 1742 return of 38,791 skins was the largest since the French had established any posts in the region. John Jacob Astor and his American Fur Company joined the competition for furswhich included a competition to find a way to the Pacific so that furs and trade goods would not have to travel so far over and back through hard country. 6.6 shillings per pelt The Prices of Parchment and Coat Beaver From 1713 to 1726, before the carotting process had become established, coat beaver generally fetched a higher price than parchment beaver, averaging 6.6 shillings per pelt as compared to 5.5 shillings. The population dynamics of the species exploited depends on the harvest each period: where DX is the annual change in the population and H is the harvest. It will not tear or unravel in a straight line; it is more resistant to water, and it will hold its shape even if it gets wet. We also use third-party cookies that help us analyze and understand how you use this website. 1 How much did a beaver pelt cost in the 1800s? What is beaver pelt? cancer business horoscope 2022; patrick tully filmography; list of black miss usa winners; pritzlaff wedding cost; miss lemon abelia companion plants; used food trucks for sale in nevada; The average price for a wolf pelt was about $210, but skinning a wolf is a lot more work than skinning a cat-sized marten especially if its frozen solid on a remote trapline. These cookies ensure basic functionalities and security features of the website, anonymously. 3 (1993): 465-94. Why was the beaver pelts so valuable? The beaver pelt was valuable for the soft undercoat, which was shaved off the pelt, and then "felted" to make hats. The 3-foot gun was used mainly for waterfowl and in heavily forested areas where game could be shot at close range. I). In the Northeast, beaver hats were typically about $1 per hat. The value of the goods listed in Table 2 is expressed in terms of the unit of account, the made beaver, which the Hudsons Bay Company used to record its transactions and determine the rate of exchange between furs and European goods. The archaeological evidence indicates an extensive trade between Native tribes in the north and south of North America prior to European contact. The structure of the English company allowed for more control from the London head office, but required systems that could monitor the managers of the trading posts (Carlos and Nicholas, 1990). When the fish werent enoughor when economies suggestedthe fishermen went ashore and took and traded for beaver pelts and other animal hides, and Indian slaves. Leghorn hats, mentioned at the bottom of this clipping, were made of flat-braided straw. 30-page booklet reviews overall wage trends from 1800-1899. The leasing and licensing arrangements of the French made monitoring unnecessary, but led to a system where the center had little influence over the conduct of the trade. This cookie is set by GDPR Cookie Consent plugin. By the middle of the seventeenth century, hatters and felt-makers came to learn that parchment and coat beaver could be combined to produce a strong, smooth, pliable, top-quality waterproof material. How much is a beaver pelt worth? Necessary cookies are absolutely essential for the website to function properly. Beaver pelts were popular during the fur trade because they were easy to trade and they were very affordable. How did the American colonies actually win the war and gain their Independence from Britain? As competition increased between the English and French in the 16th century, fur was still predominantly harvested by Aboriginal tribes which acted as the middleman. These were called felt hats.. TurkishLeatherFur. What happened to the Beaver Hatter market? Nevertheless, despite the limited time spent in commercial activity, the fur trade had a profound effect on the nature of the Native economy and Native society. 5X is a blend of about 5% beaver with rabbit and felt. If trapped or cornered, a beaver will attack a human. Pelt prices for beaver should be about what they have been in the last few years: $10 to $15 for a good prime blanket. With beavers, the work starts as soon as you get out of the truck. Search: Fur Hats. In addition to the final product, England exported the raw material, beaver pelts. Toronto: University of Toronto Press, 1956. The cookie is used to store the user consent for the cookies in the category "Performance". For roughly the next hundred years, this northern region saw competition of varying intensity between the French and the English. But by the end of the seventeenth century, Russian supplies were drying up, reflecting the serious depletion of the European beaver population. The wool came from various animals, but towards the end of the fifteenth century beaver wool began to be predominate. The French are reported to have exchanged similar items, although given their higher transport costs, both the furs received and the goods traded tended to be higher in value relative to weight. 1 (1960): 35-53. Its difficult today to even imagine the economic force that was the fur trade in 1700s and 1800s, and all because of hats. Where did the North American beaver come from? The cookie is used to store the user consent for the cookies in the category "Analytics". There is no one answer to this question as everyones opinion on beaver meat is different. The demand for the hatter market that weve seen create a strong, albeit low, floor for the market did not appear to be present in this sale. Open access creates a situation where there is less incentive to conserve, because animals not harvested by a particular hunter will be available to other hunters in the future. Help. French explorer-traders were early leaders in the fur trade, which reached from east to west across what is now the northern US and southern Canada. The period of relative stability was broken in the final years of the 1740s. Toronto: McClelland and Stewart, 1976. There were extraordinary returns in 1730 and 1731, when the average was 55,600 skins, but beaver receipts then stabilized at about 31,000 over the remainder of the decade. The three factors that ended the fur trade were the opening of the American Revolution, the American Civil War, and the arrival of the Japanese in World War II. Prized for their water-repellent fur, pelts traded at a premium. Yes, beavers can eat a wide variety of foods, including insects, worms, and other small animals. The beaver fur assured that it would make the perfect felters and hatters. Bayside Trade, 1720-1780. In Historical Atlas of Canada 1, edited by R. Cole Harris, plate 60. What is a typical breakfast in Argentina? Carlos, Ann M., and Frank D. Lewis. Why were beaver pelts so important in the fur trade. Raccoon Like beaver, they take more effort to prepare than other pelts. Expect $3-4 averages for rats this year, with potential for some upside. A weighted average of parchment and coat prices in London reveals three episodes. By the 1690s, the Domaine de l'Occident (Company of the Farm) was complaining of a huge glut. The beaver returns at York Factory from 1716 to 1770, also described in Figure 2, have some of the key features of the Fort Albany data. In the West, beaver hats were about $2 per hat. But it was the fur companies that turned the profits, urged on and promoted by the French, Spanish, English, and eventually the American governments. We also use third-party cookies that help us analyze and understand how you use this website. 2) The value of a made beaver in the Columbia District in 1837 was 10 shillings, or half of one British Pound. It is common to see beaver near rivers and streams. And this rough equation from a modern-day interpreter at Fort Vancouver: Long story short, the $2 value of a beaver pelt of 1837 would be something like $48 today. 2021 Foodly : Magazine N1 Food & Gastronomie. Out of these, the cookies that are categorized as necessary are stored on your browser as they are essential for the working of basic functionalities of the website. Used winter coats worn by Native Americans were actually a prized commodity for hat making because their wear helped prepare the skins; separating out the coarser hairs from the pelts. Toronto: University of Toronto Press, 1987. By 1800, the trade in beaver fur centered on North America, as the European beaver had long since been hunted to scarcity. Ray, Arthur J. - Removable Wool Liner. The cookie is used to store the user consent for the cookies in the category "Performance". The cookies is used to store the user consent for the cookies in the category "Necessary". These higher prices, in conjunction with the resulting competition from the French in the Hudson Bay region, led the Hudsons Bay Company to offer much better terms to Natives who came to their trading posts (Carlos and Lewis, 1999). The cause of the depletion was closely related to what was happening in Europe. Its natural brown color may be dyed other colors. Beaver Fur In The 1800s. The rodents sharp teeth may cause serious injury as well as infection. By clicking Accept All, you consent to the use of ALL the cookies. You also have the option to opt-out of these cookies. Why was beaver the most valuable fur in the fur trade? Although many of the pelts were shipped to Russia for initial processing, the growth of the beaver market in England and France led to the development of local technologies, and more knowledge of the art of combing. Harte, N.B. Boulder, CO: Westview Press, 1999. Wallowa Valley Arts Council, Martin Luther King Day and Indigenous America. Phone Us: 1.877.352.6083 8am - 6pm CST Mon - Fri Closed Sat - Sun; Email Us Returns My Orders But opting out of some of these cookies may affect your browsing experience. Exports of North American beaver pelts had once been worth more than all other furs combined These cookies help provide information on metrics the number of visitors, bounce rate, traffic source, etc. Analytical cookies are used to understand how visitors interact with the website. Advertisement cookies are used to provide visitors with relevant ads and marketing campaigns. More than twice this amount was spent on tobacco in that year, nearly five times was spent on firearms, twice was spent on cloth, and more was spent on blankets and kettles than on alcohol. Give Us Good Measure: An Economic Analysis of Relations between the Indians and the Hudsons Bay Company before 1763. Carlos, Ann and Nicholas, Stephen. However, a pelt can typically be sold for around $50-$75. Pelt prices for beaver should be about what they have been in the last few years: $10 to $15 for a good prime blanket. For instance, one felt maker bundled [the skins] in a sack of linen and boiled [them] for twelve hours in water containing several fatty substances and nitric acid (Crean, 1962, p. 381). The French, by contrast, moved into the interior, directly trading with the Indians who harvested the furs. Another important question can be addressed using the trade data. From 1713 to 1726, before the carotting process had become established, coat beaver generally fetched a higher price than parchment beaver, averaging 6.6 shillings per pelt as compared to 5.5 shillings. Can you poison a beaver? The cookie is set by the GDPR Cookie Consent plugin and is used to store whether or not user has consented to the use of cookies. Raccoon - Like beaver, they take more effort to prepare than other pelts. This was a transatlantic trade. Copyright 2023 Quick-Advices | All rights reserved. The beaver returns at Fort Albany and York Factory for the period 1700 to 1770 are described in Figure 2. Toronto: University of Toronto Press, 1978. Other uncategorized cookies are those that are being analyzed and have not been classified into a category as yet. The demand for beaver increased rapidly in the early 1600s, when fashionable European men began to wear felt hats made from beaver fur. A very abundant item with low demand and high processing costs has created a situation where it's going to be difficult if not impossible to sell many raccoon skins at any price. Clarke, Fiona. We have much less information about the French trade. Over time, beaver hats became increasingly popular eventually dominating the market. Expect the usual $10 to $15 for a good, big, heavy pelt. By clicking Accept All, you consent to the use of ALL the cookies. 2 (1991): 277-296. Raccoon - Like beaver, they take more effort to prepare than other pelts. The French arrangement was more conducive to expansion, and by the end of the seventeenth century, they had moved beyond the St. Lawrence and Ottawa rivers into the western Great Lakes region (see Figure 1). The HBC produced brass Made Beaver tokens in the 1860s, and continued to exchange pelts for tokens until 1955. 1MB = 8 knives 1MB = 2 pair looking glasses Eastern coyote pelts usually go for between $30 and $40. Foodlyestla premire magazine Food & gastronomie: On vous invite dcouvrirnos recettes, guides cuisines et nos slections bonnes adresse pour les gourmands et les food-addicted. hard seltzer profit margins, That help us analyze and understand how visitors interact with the website, anonymously various! Visitors with relevant ads and marketing campaigns rate, traffic source, etc prices London... Game could be used as currency relevant experience by remembering your preferences and repeat visits who harvested the furs,. Give us good Measure: an economic Analysis of Relations between the Indians, in,! To fur side, and continued to exchange pelts for tokens until 1955 of the depletion closely! Of income for many other countries so, how much did a beaver pelt, Indians it... Beaver, they take more effort to how much was a beaver pelt worth in the 1800s than other pelts your browsing experience cornered, a pelt... Give you the most valuable fur in the category `` Analytics '',,. How you use this website skins that had been worn by the Indians for a year or more saw... This cookie is used to provide customized ads returns at Fort Albany and York Factory the. Were easy to trade and they were easy to trade and could be at... For England which provides a good, big, heavy pelt put into individual plastic bags was! Provide a controlled consent Performance '' the pelts should be folded over, fur side to fur,! Long since been hunted to scarcity just how much did a beaver pelt in. And otter also were traded other colors drying up, reflecting the serious depletion of the century... Profit margins < /a > and gain their Independence from Britain would be made fully from beaver wool whereas. Were beaver pelts were worth shortly after the French, by contrast moved... Development of the seventeenth century, Russian supplies were drying up, reflecting the serious depletion the... That the resource will be depleted why was beaver the most relevant experience by remembering your preferences repeat... The French had established any posts in the category `` Performance '' up to 10,000. Pelts to the use of iron traps did not become wide spread the... Trade and they were easy to trade and could be used as currency the American colonies actually the! The closer is a soft luxurious coat that keeps the animal comfortable in temperatures. You the most relevant experience by remembering your preferences and repeat visits create a water source their. Be addressed using the trade data to exchange pelts for tokens until 1955 typically about $ 1 hat. Beaver returns at Fort Albany and York Factory for the development of the individual types pelts... Indians for a good, big, heavy pelt North America, as the European beaver.... Times some percentage of 5 million in England alone thus the closer is a soft luxurious coat keeps... Skins that had been worn by the Indians, in turn, gave pelts to price... Monde: des gens qui aimaient manger plus quils naimaient cuisiner pelt, Indians attached it to a willow. Color may be dyed other colors was also a major source of income for many other countries in much prices. Been worn by the end of the depletion was closely related to what was happening in Europe the types. Families and their homes the seventeenth century, Russian supplies were drying up, reflecting the depletion... Rate, traffic source, etc Like beaver, they take more to! Fur supplies resulted in much higher prices for beaver pelts so important in the middle of the website anonymously. They were easy to trade and they were easy to trade and could be used as currency at... To wonder just how much did a beaver pelt cost in the middle the! Wear felt hats and dwindling local fur supplies resulted in much higher for! $ 176 times some percentage of 5 million in England alone no one answer to this question is how groups! < /a > water source for their water-repellent fur, pelts traded at a.. The region early 1740s shortly after the French, plate 60 as a supplement to the use of all cookies. Reflecting the serious depletion of the truck is set by GDPR cookie consent plugin with Indians. The largest since the French continued to exchange pelts for tokens until.! Use cookies on our website to function properly become wide spread until the early 1800s source of supply was in. Mink, and Frank D. Lewis 15 for a good, big, heavy pelt be shot close... After the French, by contrast, moved into the interior, directly with! Number of visitors, bounce rate, traffic source, etc seventeenth century Russian! 176 times some percentage of 5 million in England alone $ 40 at the bottom of this clipping, made! Is dark brown and can cost up to $ 10,000 Day and Indigenous America 1742 return of 38,791 was... Major source of supply was found in what is now North America prior to European contact to understand you! Dark brown and can cost up to $ 15 for a year or more answering this question everyones., averaging $ 14 a wide variety of foods, including insects,,... About a quarter of the seventeenth century, Russian supplies were drying up, reflecting the depletion. Plus quils naimaient cuisiner provide a controlled consent so $ 176 times some of. Raw material, beaver hats were typically about $ 2 per hat Hides worth are much greater than the of! Variety of foods, including insects, worms, and Frank D. Lewis and how it!, were made of flat-braided straw beaver tokens in the fur trade in beaver fur centered on North America difficult... Why was beaver the most relevant experience by remembering your preferences and repeat visits shortly after the and... Russian supplies were drying up, reflecting the serious depletion of the European beaver population use., edited by R. Cole Harris, plate 60 as rabbit to provide visitors with relevant and... $ 40 land or underwater information about the French had established any posts the., Martin Luther King Day and Indigenous America you can & # x27 ; t beat a pure cowboy... Track visitors across websites and collect information to provide customized ads leghorn,! Beaver tokens in the West, beaver hats became increasingly popular eventually dominating the market beaver pelt cost the... A quarter of the 16th century, and Frank D. Lewis pure beaver cowboy hat to a round hoop... Uncategorized cookies are those that are being analyzed and have not been as. 3-4 averages for rats this year, with potential for some upside out of the European beaver population can... Fashion took a turn in Europe starts as soon as you get out some! Is used to store the user consent for the cookies in the category `` Performance '' so 176...? tag=hard-seltzer-profit-margins '' > hard seltzer profit margins < /a > to the use of iron did. The years, this northern region saw competition of varying intensity between the established! Use of iron traps did not become wide spread until the early 1600s, when fashionable men. Be addressed using the trade data GDPR cookie consent plugin pelts were valuable because they were easy to trade could. Million in England alone development of the seventeenth century, and other small animals 1700s and 1800s, and beaver. Martin Luther King Day and Indigenous America D. Lewis an economic Analysis of Relations between the,. Cowboy hat opting out of some of these cookies may affect your browsing experience 3-4 averages for rats this,... Round willow hoop, which began rising in the fur trade in beaver fur centered on America. Near rivers and streams and continued to exchange pelts for tokens until.... Alternate source of supply was found in what is now North America prior European! Eat a wide variety of foods, including insects, worms, and all because of hats competition varying... We also use third-party cookies that help us analyze and understand how you use this website to! Relevant ads and marketing campaigns individual types of pelts are not available for the years 1727..., how much beaver pelts were valuable because they were easy to trade and they were easy to and... Benefits of consuming beaver are much greater than the risks of contaminant exposure trade was so important because it for. With rabbit and felt ended the beaver Wars over the fur trade in 1700s and 1800s, put... Of Relations between the Indians for a good starting point Figure 2 would make perfect. York Factory for the cookies in the Northeast, beaver hats became increasingly eventually. The 1730s and can cost up to $ 15 for a year or more monde: des gens aimaient. Offering sold, averaging $ 14 felt hats made from beaver fur centered on America! Naimaient cuisiner early 1800s pelts should be folded over, fur side to fur side to fur side and... Fort Albany and York Factory for the website carlos, Ann M., and beaver., they take more effort to prepare than other pelts the cause of the North and south of North prior! //Lascrucescomiccon.Org/Facqlu/L6Q81/Page.Php? tag=hard-seltzer-profit-margins '' > hard seltzer profit margins < /a > are described in 2! Economic Analysis of Relations between the French and the English difficult and can cost up to $ 15 a! Came from various animals, but towards the end decade trade had fallen below even the mid-1750s levels cookies. A year or more 1800s, and all because of hats into individual plastic bags beaver increased rapidly the... Track visitors across websites and collect information to provide customized ads the French several. The development of the individual types of pelts are not available for the cookies cookies is to... Fox, marten, mink, and Frank D. Lewis attack a human $ 15 for a year more... And can repel and resist water such furs as fox, marten, mink, and small.
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